This part of the Watershed Management CRA provides a Strategic Framework for a Cooperative Watershed Management Programme. It summarizes the results from the previous Trans-boundary, Distributive and Cooperative Mechanisms Analyses, examines the challenges facing the three countries and peoples of the Eastern Nile Basin (in terms natural resource degradation, achieving sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty), identifies opportunities to meet these challenges, outlines the benefits that can accrue (at household, community, national, regional, and global levels), and sets out a strategic framework for cooperative watershed management activities in the basin.