This special study investigated the potential impacts of climate change on irrigation and agriculture in the Eastern Nile basin. Specific objectives are to quantify the potential impacts of climate change on potential evaporation and crop yields, and to address the impact of climate change on cropping patterns. These objectives are met by (1) determining, quantifying, and assessing both climate change in recent decades and projections of end of century climate in the Eastern Nile basin; and (2) by determining the present day and future crop suitability and water needs.