This study (Component III) is intended to explore and provide potential water-saving and supplyenhancement scenarios for evaluation of future water management pathways in the Nile Basin. In the context of this study, water-saving options in the Nile Basin include comprehensive, practically feasible soft (management) or hard (infrastructure) means of water conservation for shared and sustainable use of the Nile water. The study looks into different existing management-based water-saving approaches such as efficiency improvements, change in cropping pattern, water deficit irrigation, and conjunctive management of available water. In addition, water supply enhancement based on improving rainfed agriculture, basin-wide water augmentation and joint operation of storage reservoirs is also explored. The study also suggests inclusion of infrastructure based water saving as part of a comprehensive water-saving mechanism in the basin. First, a list of potential water-saving methods in the basin is generated. Second, potentially feasible combinations of variants of each scenario are selected to be manageably used as input to the Nile Basin water resources model during the course of evaluation of the likely impacts of water savings under future scenarios of irrigation expansion, intensification and cooperation.